BIO505T: BIO505T Handouts PDF
Essentials of Genetics (Theory)
Download the complete BIO505T Essentials of Genetics (Theory) handouts in one PDF, all 45 lectures from start to end. Read a lecture, then test yourself with the matching quiz so it stays in your head on exam day.
- 45 lectures
- 351 pages
- PDF, 13.8 MB
- Updated November 2026
What is inside the BIO505T handouts
Every lecture in the PDF. Tap one to practise its quiz.
- 1 BIO505T Lecture 1What is Genetics? / Sub Types of Genetics / Common Genetics Terminologies / Mendel s’ law of dominance
- 2 BIO505T Lecture 2Monohybrid cross and Dihybrid cross / Law of Segregation / Mendel s’ Law of Independent Assortment
- 3 BIO505T Lecture 3Modern Genetics Concepts
- 4 BIO505T Lecture 4Concept of variation / Genetic and acquired variation / Types of variation: Two types of Variation
- 5 BIO505T Lecture 5Source of variation / Heredity and variation in Mendel s’ work / Mendelian and Non-Mendelian inheritance / Conclusion...
- 6 BIO505T Lecture 6Incomplete dominance / Example 1 : Blood group / Polygenic traits / Epistasis
- 7 BIO505T Lecture 7Pleiotropy / Environmental effects / What are Chromosomes
- 8 BIO505T Lecture 8Variation in number of chromosomes / Chromosomes in prokaryot...
- 9 BIO505T Lecture 9Shape of Chromosomes: Chromosomes can be circular or linear / Types of Chromosomes: There are two types o...
- 10 BIO505T Lecture 10Telomeres are like the ends of shoes / Euchromatin and Heterochromatin: Chromosomes may be identified by regions that...
- 11 BIO505T Lecture 11Nucleosomes / Chromatin and chromosomes / Higher order chromatin folding / Kinetochore
- 12 BIO505T Lecture 12Karyotyping / Prokaryotic Chromosomes / Sex chromosomes and sex determination / Salient features of DNA
- 13 BIO505T Lecture 13NUCLEOTIDE / Conformations of DNA / Chargaff rule of base ratios
- 14 BIO505T Lecture 14Giant or Polytene chromosome / Lampbrush Chromosome / Cell division and reproduction: Cell division is a fundamental...
- 15 BIO505T Lecture 15Cell cycle: The cell cycle consists of; / Un-replicated and replicated chromosome: before the cell divisi...
- 16 BIO505T Lecture 16Metaphase During metaphase, two events occurs; Chromosomes line up across the middle of the / Anaphase of mitosis Dur...
- 17 BIO505T Lecture 17Diploid cells and haploid cells / Homologous chromosomes / sex cells) are produced / Stages of meiosis: There are two...
- 18 BIO505T Lecture 18Prophase I of meiosis / Metaphase I of meiosis / Anaphase I: sister chromatids attached at centromere Sister Chromat...
- 19 BIO505T Lecture 19Prophase II of meiosis / Metaphase II / Summary - Anaphase II / Telophase II / Mitosis and meiosis
- 20 BIO505T Lecture 20Summary - Mitosis and meiosis / Chromosomal theory of inheritance: The chromosomal theory of inheritance states that...
- 21 BIO505T Lecture 21Linkage map / Linkage map of drosophila chromosome / Sex determination and chromosomes role
- 22 BIO505T Lecture 22Sex determination systems / Sex linked genes / Genetic mapping in humans
- 23 BIO505T Lecture 23Multiple alleles / Multiple alleles - blood groups / Blood groups and Transfusions
- 24 BIO505T Lecture 24Multiple alleles- rabbits / Alleles and genotypes / Linkage and crossing over / Linked genes
- 25 BIO505T Lecture 25Physical mapping / Mapping diseased genes in Humans / Polygenic inheritance is controlled by multiple genes
- 26 BIO505T Lecture 26Polygenic traits, or continuous traits, are governed by alleles at two or more loci, and each locus / Epistasis and m...
- 27 BIO505T Lecture 27Dominant epistasis / Example of Epistasis / Causes of Epigenetics / Epigenetic Modifications: Followings are the step...
- 28 BIO505T Lecture 28Common Epigenetics regulated phenomena / Therapies for epigenetics / Environmental factors and Epigenetics
- 29 BIO505T Lecture 29Epigenetics- conclusions: Epigenetic traits are heritable phenotypes resulting from changes in / Penetrance and Expre...
- 30 BIO505T Lecture 30Classification / Karyotyping- Nomenclature / Defining chromosome regions / Common numerical abnormalities
- 31 BIO505T Lecture 31Structural Abnormalities / Translocations / Non-disjunction
- 32 BIO505T Lecture 32Trisomy is a type of polysomy in which there are three copies of a particular chromosome, / Monosomy: Loss of a singl...
- 33 BIO505T Lecture 33Aneuploidy: Change in chromosomes number can occur by the addition / deletion of
- 34 BIO505T Lecture 34Chromosomal Inversions / Ring chromosome: A ring chromosome is a chromosome whose arms have fused together to / Mutat...
- 35 BIO505T Lecture 35Base Pair Substitutions / Somatic and Germline mutation / Mutation - Forward, Reverse and Neutral / Loss of function,...
- 36 BIO505T Lecture 36Spontaneous and Induced mutation / Point mutations
- 37 BIO505T Lecture 37Normal gene / Deletions Mutation: Frameshi...
- 38 BIO505T Lecture 38Salient feature of Mutation nomenclature / Mutation at DNA, RNA and protein level / Mutation in intronic sequence / S...
- 39 BIO505T Lecture 39Genetic Disorders: A genetic disease or disorder appears as a result of mutations in an / Inheritance patterns of gen...
- 40 BIO505T Lecture 40Autosomal dominant inheritance / disorders / Variations in Autosomal dominant inheritance / Dominance and Recessivenes...
- 41 BIO505T Lecture 41X-linked dominant inheritance and disorders / Maternal inheritance of mitochondrial DNA / Multifactorial inheritance...
- 42 BIO505T Lecture 42Diagnostic tests for genetic disorders / Genetic Counseling / Complications in basic inheritance pattern / Drawing pe...
- 43 BIO505T Lecture 43Pedigree analysis / DNA polymorphism / Types of Polymorphic DNA Sequences / Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism
- 44 BIO505T Lecture 44Variable Number Tandem Repeats / Short Tandem Repeat Polymorphism
- 45 BIO505T Lecture 45Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA / Distribution of SNP / SNP- Screening and importance
How to study BIO505T with the handouts
Reading alone is not enough. This is what works for most VU students.
- 1Read one or two lecturesShort sessions stick better than reading the whole PDF the night before.
- 2Take the lecture quizEvery Gradup quiz matches the handout lectures, with explanations in English and Roman Urdu.
- 3Revise what you got wrongGo back to those pages in the handouts, then try the quiz again.
- 4Take a mock before the examPick the lectures in your midterm or final term syllabus and get a mock paper from only those.
Frequently asked questions
About the BIO505T handouts.
Tap Download PDF on this page. You get the complete BIO505T Essentials of Genetics (Theory) handouts in one file (351 pages, 13.8 MB). It is free and you do not need to sign up.
The BIO505T handouts cover all 45 lectures of Essentials of Genetics (Theory), from the first lecture to the last.
Your teacher announces the midterm and final term syllabus on VU LMS each semester. Usually the midterm covers about the first half of the lectures and the final term covers the whole course.
Read a few lectures, then take the matching BIO505T lecture quiz on Gradup. Each answer comes with an explanation in English and Roman Urdu, and a midterm or final term mock tests you before the exam.
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